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Lex Fridman Interviews Historian Gregory Aldrete: The Rise & Fall Of The Roman Empire

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On September 12, 2024, Lex Fridman @lexfridman writes:

Here's my conversation with Gregory Aldrete, a historian specializing in ancient Rome and military history.

We talk all about the Roman Empire: its rise and fall, major battles & leaders, military technology & tactics, gladiators, politics, laws, economy, religion.

I will do many more episodes on history (interviews & solo). If we don't understand our past, we are doomed to repeat the same mistakes that many before us have paid a heavy price for.

https://x.com/lexfridman/status/1834320953242726554

Timestamps:

0:00 - Introduction
2:23 - Ancient world
16:18 - Three phases of Roman history
19:08 - Rome's expansion
30:48 - Punic wars
39:20 - Conquering Greece
40:59 - Scipio vs Hannibal
44:05 - Heavy infantry vs Cavalry
47:42 - Armor
1:00:32 - Alexander the Great
1:06:33 - Roman law
1:16:13 - Slavery
1:23:53 - Fall of the Roman Republic
1:27:38 - Julius Caesar
1:32:17 - Octavian's rise
1:42:09 - Cleopatra
1:50:32 - Augustus
2:18:42 - Religion in Rome
2:42:47 - Emperors
2:49:54 - Marcus Aurelius
2:56:05 - Taxes
2:59:13 - Fall of the Roman Empire
3:16:25 - Decisive battles
3:40:35 - Hope

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Nicole Shanahan: The Struggle She Faced After Childhood Vaccine Made Her Healthy Baby Girl Autistic

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Elliot Overton: Famous Influencers Are Dropping Like Flies (I Wonder Why?)

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3.4 Percent - THE LIE That Started The COVID-19 Pandemic…

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1 views 2 years ago

,

Memory Hole: The Original Covid-19 Lie
By Matt Orfalea
August 23, 2023

https://censorednews.substack.com/p/memory-hole-the-original-covid-19

The COVID-19 lie that started it all -- before lockdowns and mandates -- was the lie that the virus was more deadly than it actually was. On March 3, 2020, the media cited the World Health Organization to spread the misinformation that the global death rate of COVID-19 was 3.4%. Years later, the WHO's much-expanded dataset now shows the real global case fatality rate is less than 1%. However, at the time, when the President of the United States correctly pointed out the figure was inflated, he was viciously attacked for "downplaying" the virus, as the WHO's misleading statistic was regurgitated in the press.

"WHO says the death rate is 3.4% globally, higher than previously thought" - CNBC

"The death rate now estimated at 3.4% for anyone afflicted with this virus" - FOX News

"3.4% of people who get coronavirus die from it." - USA TODAY

The WHO's death rate was severely inflated because most COVID-19 cases are mild with no symptoms and are therefore never reported. In fact, Dr. Fauci and the Director of the CDC, Dr. Redfield predicted as much just three days prior to the WHO's misleading 3.4% death rate. In the New England Journal of Medicine, Fauci and Redfield concluded the number could be "considerably less than 1%". This contradiction between US public health officials and the WHO went mostly ignored. The media was only triggered into a response when Donald Trump used the same scientific reasoning on FOX News with Sean Hannity.

PRESIDENT TRUMP: "Well, I think the 3.4% is really a false number. Now, this is just my hunch, but based on a lot of conversations with a lot of people that do this, because a lot of people will have this, and it's very mild. They will get better very rapidly. They don't even see a doctor. They don't even call a doctor. You never hear about those people."

Trump repeated his reasoning for clarity, although his full explanation was later deleted from nearly all mainstream news segments which criticized him for sharing thoughts "based on nothing" (John Berman, "CNN New Day", CNN, 3/5/20).

PRESIDENT TRUMP: "When you do have a death . . . all of a sudden, it seems like three or four percent, which is a very high number, as opposed to a fraction of one percent. But, again, they don't know about the easy cases, because the easy cases don't go to the hospital. They don't report to doctors or the hospital in many cases. So I think that that number is very high. I think the number -- personally, I would say the number is way under 1 percent.

MEDIA MISINFORMATION / DISINFORMATION

Former Vox reporter and special guest to the Biden White House, Aaron Rupar, reflexively attacked Trump's rational, and ultimately correct, take on the WHO death rate, as "astoundingly irresponsible".

Over the following days, Trump was mocked on nearly every major television channel (CNN, MSNBC, NBC, ABC, CBS, & Comedy Central), where he was accused of lying.

MSNBC hosts and experts labeled Trump's correct take on the death rate as "not correct", "not true", "dishonest", and "disinformation" (Andrea Mitchell, Ben Rhodes, and Geoff Bennett on "Andrea Mitchell Reports"); "false information", (Chris Jansing on "Live with Hallie Jackson"); and "misinformation" ("Live with Velshi and Ruhle").

CNN's reporters and pundits did the same, calling Trump's informed skepticism "disinformation" (Brian Stelter, "CNN Newsroom"); "misinformation" (Anderson Cooper, "Anderson Cooper 360"); and "sketchy information" (Jim Acosta, "The Situation Room with Wolf Blitzer").

(NOTE: This is only a small sample of the false accusations.)

After the news set the narrative, late-night hosts took their cues and obediently forwarded the message that WHO's word reigns supreme and therefore Trump is crazy to question it.

"Trump has a hunch that coronavirus is not as deadly as people think. In fact, he personally has a feeling that the death rate is lower than 1 percent. What the fuck is that?!" - Trevor Noah, "The Daily Show" (Comedy Central, 3/6/20)

"One percent . . . Will someone put a mozzarella stick in his stupid hole before he gets us all killed?" - Jimmy Kimmel, "Jimmy Kimmel Live" (ABC, 3/6/20)

"[Trump] lied about the most recent World Health Organization estimates." - Stephen Colbert, "The Late Show with Stephen Colbert" (CBS, 3/6/20)

"Trump lied to viewers about the mortality rate." - Seth Meyers, "Late Night with Seth Meyers" (NBC, 3/6/20)

The media narrative was that Trump's "less than 1%" figure was not supported by scientists, doctors, or data, but it was. The nation's top doctors, health authorities (CDC), and data from South Korea -- the country with the most COVID testing per capita, which calculated the death rate to be 0.6% -- all supported Trump's take.

DANGEROUS THOUGHTS

The public was told that it was not only crazy to question WHO authority but dangerous. "Is there danger in Donald Trump going on FOX News and telling that network's viewers that, 'I don't believe the WHO"? . . . I mean, is it dangerous to have conflicting messages out there...?," asked former George W. Bush admin communications director Nicolle Wallace on her MSNBC show. "It's certainly not helpful," replied Democrat Congresswoman Lauren Underwood.

Several more pundits affirmed Wallace's Orwellian notion that the mere existence of a second opinion was "dangerous". The newscasters and their experts told Americans it was "dangerous" to have a hunch -- that it was "dangerous" to think.

"I think we're in a very dangerous period if the President continus to hunch about scientific facts." - Kathleen Sebelius, "AM Joy", MSNBC (3/7/20)

"President Trumps's weaknesses -- a disdain for expertise . . . that is very dangerous in a pandemic, and so what I would like to see now is an effort to get the experts front and center." - Ben Rhodes, "Andrea Mitchell Reports", MSNBC (3/5/20)

"These interviews with Sean Hannity on FOX…can be dangerous . . . when [Trump] is spreading misinformation and disinformation . . . When the POTUS spreads misinformation . . . that can be dangerous . . . and for the record, right now, WHO says 3.4%." - Brian Stelter, "CNN Newsroom", CNN (3/5/20)

It was during this fear-mongering of both the virus and independent thought that destructive lockdown policies were adopted across the United States.

Later, on March 23, 2020, with lockdowns already in effect, after nearly every show on CNN attacked Trump for questioning the WHO's 3.4% death rate, CNN's own expert, Dr. John Ioannidis, expressed the same skepticism as Trump, live on CNN.

"Initially, WHO released estimates of 3.4% of the cases dying, The true infection fatality rate is likely to be far, far less. It may be in the range of seasonal influenza." - Dr. John Ioannidis, "Out Front with Erin Burnett", CNN (3/23/20)

The death rate for seasonal influenza is way under 1%.

Original YouTube Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-s5DYknp9cc

........................

The best of the best of the best COVID-19 resources, videos, and memes:

Resources:
https://sunfellow.com/top-covid-19-resources/

Videos:
https://rumble.com/c/SunfellowCovid19

Memes:
https://sunfellow.com/the-lighter-side-of-covid-19/

Compelling Theory Describes How Notorious Covid Vaccine 'White, Fibrous Clots' Form In The Body

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Dr. Ryan Cole @drcole12 writes:

"Excellent research! Excellent scientific analysis."

Source:
https://x.com/drcole12/status/1815962666848121241

..................

Only July 22, 2024, Sense Receptor @SenseReceptor writes:

https://x.com/SenseReceptor/status/1815614910807630168

WOW! Very compelling theory describes how the notorious "white, fibrous clots" form in the body.

Polymer chemist Greg Harrison outlines the theory on an episode of Tony Lohnes' (@sundayshopping) podcast, noting that Mike Adams' (@HealthRanger) analysis of the white fibrous clots, which went viral in 2022, surprised him, due in large part to the abundance of the element phosphorus.

Studying clot samples at two separate laboratories, Harrison says that his colleagues "found exactly the same results that Mike Adams found."

"We found aberrantly high levels of sulfur, tin, sodium, and carbon," Harrison says of the analysis he and his colleagues performed.

Harrison notes that he and his colleagues next performed an analysis using HPLC, or high performance liquid chromatography. This analysis, which "pulled apart" the white clots as part of a way to determine their protein makeup, found a relatively high level of fibrinogen.

"Fibrinogen forms fibrils," Harrison says. "This is exactly why when John O'Looney (@OlooneyJohn) first described the white clots as being calamari like, he is exactly correct. That's exactly the texture that fibrin will bring into a white clot."

The polymer chemist adds, "my colleagues ran an amino acid analysis, and they've learned a high level of praline, aspartic acid, lysine, and a whole range of 18 amino acids, all that have a phosphorus affinity. And as we said in the white clot, the element that has the highest concentration that we could confirm...is phosphorus."

He goes on to note:

"When we administer the injections, there is a lipid nanoparticle carrier. It's called a phospholipid. We found by our analysis that when the phospholipid releases the mRNA core of the lipid nanoparticle, at that very moment that it releases the core, it actually exposes a phosphorus head of the phosphorus lipid. The phosphorus lipid reacts within the bloodstream's naturally formed fibrinogen, and that's what's nucleating [catalyzing] the white clot formation."

The polymer chemist goes on to note that the phospholipids used for the mRNA injections' lipid nanoparticles "will liberate 80 to 90% of raw phosphorus heads as it releases the mRNA core." He adds that "those phosphorus heads [then] all react with the fibrinogen in the bloodstream, and they cause sandy blood." He adds that the reason whistleblowing embalmers "are seeing sandy blood and coffee grounds is that's the nucleation pathway to the final white-clot formation."

Harrison goes on to note that "when the body is generating spike [protein], that spike in the bloodstream then starts to coagulate with the phosphorylated fibrinogen, and that feeds what we call a monomeric reaction that continues to grow. Those particles are free flowing in the blood, and they find an anchor point. The anchor points they find are, in fact, the damaged endothelial layers." (That is, the inner linings of blood vessels that have been damaged from other negative immune effects caused by the COVID injections.)

"When an endothelial layer of the vascular system is damaged via inflammation and the cytokine storm that the spike protein generates opens up...that forms anchor points for these nuclei," Harrison says. "From these anchor points, that's when the clots begin to grow."

Harrison says he and his team "can prove all this," and have 200 peer-reviewed studies that support their theory.

..................

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,'The future of AI: dream or a nightmare?' Professor Mike Wooldridge is joined by leading experts to grapple with the future of AI. What opportunities and dangers lie ahead as AI continues to evolve? This is the third of the 2023 CHRISTMAS LECTURES from the Royal Institution, supported by CGI, on the theme 'The Truth About AI'. With thanks to contributors Paul Newman (Oxa), Elke Schwarz (Queen Mary University), Maurice Fallon (Oxford Robotics Institute), Sue Black (Durham University), Vian Bakir (University of Bangor), Hassun Ugail (University of Bradford), Kate Devlin (King's College London), Alisa Patotskaya (Immersive Fox), Perla Maiolino (University of Oxford), Stuart Russell (University of California, Berkeley). Watch the first lecture here: https://youtu.be/l0gZAlZgI34 Watch the second lecture here: https://youtu.be/Ib9cCztutBo In the 2023 CHRISTMAS LECTURES, supported by CGI, Mike Wooldridge will tackle the most important and rapidly evolving field of science today – Artificial Intelligence (AI). Find out more about the lectures here: https://www.rigb.org/christmas-lectures Not since the World-Wide Web emerged 30 years ago has a new technology promised to change our world so fundamentally and so swiftly as AI does. Today’s AI tools such as ChatGPT and AlphaGo are just a hint of what is to come. The future of AI is going to be quite a journey, and the 2023 CHRISTMAS LECTURES to be broadcast on BBC Four and iPlayer in late December, will give us a guided tour. AI has increasingly grabbed the headlines in recent years – generating excitement and concern in equal measure – but what should we believe? In these lectures Mike will reveal how AI works and how it will affect our lives – and will tackle head-on our hopes and fears for this most fascinating of fields. ---- Mike Wooldridge is an academic and author specialising in Artificial Intelligence (AI). As an academic, he is a professor of AI at the University of Oxford, where he served as Head of Department of Computer Science from 2014 to 2021; he is also Director for AI at The Alan Turing Institute in London. He has received multiple awards for both research and education, including in 2020, the Lovelace Medal from the British Computer Society – the leading award for a UK computer scientist – and in 2021 the Outstanding Educator Award from the Association for the Advancement of AI (AAAI). From 2014-16, Mike was President of the European Association for AI, and from 2015-17 he was President of the International Joint Conference on AI (IJCAI). He is currently Editor-in-Chief of Artificial Intelligence, the leading journal for AI, established more than 50 years ago and has been invited to give evidence on matters relating to AI to multiple government committees. As an author, he has written nine books, which have been translated nine times. His books include two popular science introductions to AI: the Ladybird Expert Guide to AI (Penguin, 2018) in the iconic British book series, and The Road to Conscious Machines (Pelican, 2020). Mike gives frequent public lectures on AI, including at the Hay Festival and Cheltenham Science Festival and is regularly interviewed by the media. ---- Join this channel to get access to perks: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYeF244yNGuFefuFKqxIAXw/join Subscribe for regular science videos: http://bit.ly/RiSubscRibe The Ri is on Twitter: http://twitter.com/ri_science and Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/royalinstitution and TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@ri_science Listen to the Ri podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/ri-science-podcast Donate to the RI and help us bring you more lectures: https://www.rigb.org/support-us/donate-ri Our editorial policy: https://www.rigb.org/editing-ri-talks-and-moderating-comments Subscribe for the latest science videos: http://bit.ly/RiNewsletter Product links on this page may be affiliate links which means it won't cost you any extra but we may earn a small commission if you decide to purchase through the link. Join this channel to get access to perks: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYeF244yNGuFefuFKqxIAXw/join Subscribe for regular science videos: http://bit.ly/RiSubscRibe The Ri is on Twitter: http://twitter.com/ri_science and Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/royalinstitution and TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@ri_science Listen to the Ri podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/ri-science-podcast Donate to the RI and help us bring you more lectures: https://www.rigb.org/support-us/donate-ri Our editorial policy: https://www.rigb.org/editing-ri-talks-and-moderating-comments Subscribe for the latest science videos: http://bit.ly/RiNewsletter Product links on this page may be affiliate links which means it won't cost you any extra but we may earn a small commission if you decide to purchase through the link.

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