Understanding Earth’s 100,000-Year Ice Age Cycle

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Join us on a journey back to Earth’s last Ice Age. Learn a new job in tech starting from $200/mo! Sign up for a FREE TripleTen career consultation with my link: https://get.tripleten.com/astrumspace ▀▀▀▀▀▀ In this video, we’re travelling back to Earth's frozen past, to discover what our planet was like during the Ice Age. What massive creatures dominated these icy landscapes, and what caused their extinction? We'll also ask a chilling question: could it happen again? Join us as we explore the rise and fall of Earth's frozen past and look for the warning signs of its return. ▀▀▀▀▀▀ Astrum's newsletter has launched! Want to know what's happening in space? Sign up here: https://astrumspace.kit.com ▀▀▀▀▀▀ Astrum Displate Posters: https://astrumspace.info/Displates Astrum Infographic Artwork: https://electrify.art/collections/astrum Astrum Merch: https://astrum-shop.fourthwall.com/ Join us on the Astrum discord: https://discord.gg/TKw8Hpvtv8 A huge thanks to our Patreons who help make these videos possible. Sign-up here to support the channel: https://bit.ly/4aiJZNF ▀▀▀▀▀▀ Astrum Podcast on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/6jPRrbq3o3dpvBb173ZTKi?si=a90d3efe3b704c83 Astrum Earth: https://youtube.com/@AstrumEarth Astrum Extra: https://www.youtube.com/@astrumextra Astrum Spanish: https://www.youtube.com/@astrumespanol Astrum Portuguese: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChn_-OwvV63mr1yeUGvH-BQ ▀▀▀▀▀▀ References: “How many ice ages has the Earth had, and could humans live through one?”, via theconversation.com https://astrumspace.info/howmanyiceages “Milankovitch (Orbital) Cycles and Their Role in Earth’s Climate”, via nasa.gov https://astrumspace.info/Milankovitch “Pleistocene epoch: The last ice age”, via livescience.com https://astrumspace.info/Pleistocene “What is Bergmann’s Rule?”, via byjus.com https://astrumspace.info/BergmannsRule “10 fascinating facts about woolly mammoths”, via blog.ted.com https://astrumspace.info/woollymammoth “Thriving or surviving? The isotopic record of the Wrangel Island woolly mammoth population”, via helsinki.fi https://astrumspace.info/Wrangelmammoths “Proportions and function of the limbs of glyptodonts”, via scup.com https://astrumspace.info/glyptodonts “Ecology and Distribution of Late Pleistocene Sloths”, via mdpi.com https://astrumspace.info/giantlandsloths “Pleistocene burrows in the Mar del Plata area (Argentina) and their probable builders”, via agro.icm.edu.pl https://astrumspace.info/palaeoburrows “Life and extinction of megafauna in the ice-age Arctic”, via pnas.org https://astrumspace.info/megafaunaextinction “Native Americans Descend From Ancient Montana Boy”, via science.org https://astrumspace.info/Anzickchild “Subsurface ocean warming preceded Heinrich Events”, via nature.com https://astrumspace.info/Heinrichwarnings ▀▀▀▀▀▀ Credits: Writer: Edie Abrahams Video Editor: Drew Stubbs Researcher: Edie Abrahams Script Editor: Damaris McColgan Thumbnail Designer: Peter Sheppard Channel Manager: Georgina Brenner Executive Producer: Raquel Taylor Creator of Astrum: Alex McColgan With special thanks to: NASA/ESO/ESA #astrum #space #iceage #earth

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00:04:23

Central Baking Supply, Chicago, Illinois 10.22.25

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00:20:04

Polaris Doesn't Want to Be Measured, and It's Genuinely Baffling Scientists

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290K views 1 year ago

,The problem with Polaris, the North Star. Get a special 35% discount* on an annual digital subscription to The Economist at https://www.economist.com/Astrum *20% in the UK, Latin America, and India. Referenced article: https://www.economist.com/science-and-technology/2025/08/06/astronomers-cannot-agree-on-how-fast-the-universe-is-expanding ▀▀▀▀▀▀ For centuries, we've relied on the North Star to guide us across the Earth. A static, bright beacon in the northern sky, Polaris serves as a reliable method of navigation… or does it? This star proves far more challenging to study than it initially appears. From its distance, to its secret companions, we’re unravelling the mysteries of Polaris - mysteries that only grow stranger the closer we look. ▀▀▀▀▀▀ 0:00 The Problem with Polaris 1:04 Finding the North Star 2:08 Triple Star System 4:36 Cepheids: Standard Candles 6:34 Polaris Aa Is Weird 11:54 Are Our Models Wrong? 16:06 The Age Paradox 18:18 Polaris Won't Be the North Star Forever ▀▀▀▀▀▀ Astrum's newsletter has launched! Want to know what's happening in space? Sign up here: https://astrumspace.kit.com ▀▀▀▀▀▀ Astrum Displate Posters: https://astrumspace.info/Displates Astrum Infographic Artwork: https://electrify.art/collections/astrum Astrum Merch: https://astrum-shop.fourthwall.com/ Join us on the Astrum discord: https://discord.gg/TKw8Hpvtv8 A huge thanks to our Patreons who help make these videos possible. Sign-up here to support the channel: https://bit.ly/4aiJZNF ▀▀▀▀▀▀ Astrum Podcast on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/6jPRrbq3o3dpvBb173ZTKi?si=a90d3efe3b704c83 Astrum Earth: https://youtube.com/@AstrumEarth Astrum Extra: https://www.youtube.com/@astrumextra Astrum Spanish: https://www.youtube.com/@astrumespanol Astrum Portuguese: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChn_-OwvV63mr1yeUGvH-BQ ▀▀▀▀▀▀ References: “Origin of Strange 'Blue Straggler' Stars Pinned Down”, via space.com https://astrumspace.info/bluestraggler “Hubble Space Telescope Trigonometric Parallax of Polaris B”, via iop.org https://astrumspace.info/companionstar “Probing Polaris”, via eso.org https://astrumspace.info/probingpolaris “Finding magnetic north: an extraordinary magnetic field detection in Polaris and first results of a magnetic survey of classical Cepheids”, via ras.ac.uk https://astrumspace.info/polarismagneticnorth “Astronomers Find Spots on Surface of Polaris”, via sci.news https://astrumspace.info/sunspots “Toward Ending the Polaris Parallax Debate: A Precise Distance to Our Nearest Cepheid from Gaia DR”, via iop.org https://astrumspace.info/polarisdistance “The Period Change of the Cepheid Polaris Suggests Enhanced Mass Loss”, via iop.org https://astrumspace.info/unstablephase “The Period Changes of Polaris”, via jstor.org https://astrumspace.info/periodincrease “Precise Radial Velocities of Polaris: Detection of Amplitude Growth”, via iop.org https://astrumspace.info/Cepheidamplitude “Periods of 25 Variable Stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud”, via harvard.edu https://astrumspace.info/Cepheidrelationship ▀▀▀▀▀▀ Credits: Writer: Julia Masselos Video Editor: Nick Shishkin Researcher: Edie Abrahams Script Editor: Damaris McColgan Thumbnail Designer: Peter Sheppard Channel Manager: Georgina Brenner Production Manager: Raquel Taylor Head of Astrum: Jess Jordan Creator of Astrum: Alex McColgan With special thanks to: NASA/ESO/ESA #astrum #space #polaris #northstar

00:34:38

What They Found In the Deepest Place on Earth

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3M views 1 year ago

,Journey to the bottom of the Mariana Trench. ?Remove your personal information from the web at https://joindeleteme.com/ASTRUMEARTH and use code ASTRUMEARTH for 20% off ? DeleteMe international Plans. ▀▀▀▀▀▀ What secrets lie hidden in the deepest, darkest place on Earth? The Mariana Trench is a hostile world of crushing pressure and freezing darkness, once believed to be completely devoid of life. In this video, we plunge into the abyss to witness the titanic geological forces that created this chasm and relive the harrowing missions of the few who dared to explore it. What bizarre creatures thrive against all odds, lurking in the darkness below? ▀▀▀▀▀▀ 0:00 The Mystery of the Mariana Trench 2:10 Finding the Mariana Trench 6:59 How Did the Mariana Trench Form? 14:03 Extreme Pressure 15:18 Who Has Explored the Mariana Trench? 18:10 The Journey Begins 19:54 The Twilight Zone 21:25 The Midnight Zone 23:00 Creatures of the Deep 26:31 The Hadal Zone 31:29 The Bottom of the Ocean ▀▀▀▀▀▀ Subscribe to the channel! https://youtube.com/@AstrumEarth Support our Patreon and you’ll get early access to Astrum Earth content, before anyone else: https://bit.ly/4aiJZNF ▀▀▀▀▀▀ Check out the other Astrum channels for videos about space and astronomy: Astrum: https://www.youtube.com/@astrumspace Astrum Extra: https://www.youtube.com/@astrumextra Astrum Podcast on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/6jPRrbq3o3dpvBb173ZTKi?si=a90d3efe3b704c83 Astrum Infographic Artwork: https://electrify.art/collections/astrum Astrum Displate Posters: https://astrumspace.info/Displates Astrum Merch: https://astrum-shop.fourthwall.com/ Join us on the Astrum discord: https://discord.gg/TKw8Hpvtv8 ▀▀▀▀▀▀ References "The Mariana Trench Is 7 Miles Deep: What’s Down There?", via scientificamerican.com https://bit.ly/whatsdownthere "The Trieste's Deepest Dive", via usni.org https://bit.ly/Trieste1960 "James Cameron Completes Record-Breaking Mariana Trench Dive", via nationalgeographic.com https://bit.ly/Camerondives "HMS Challenger: How a 150-year-old expedition still influences scientific discoveries today", via nhm.ac.uk https://bit.ly/HMSchallenger "The Challenger Deep", via cornell.edu https://bit.ly/thechallengerdeep "Layers of the Ocean", via noaa.gov https://bit.ly/layersofocean "10 Strange Animals in the Mariana Trench", via oceaninfo.com https://bit.ly/marianatrenchcreatures "Gulper Eel Balloons Its Massive Jaws", via youtube.com https://bit.ly/pelicaneel "Hadal Zone", via whoi.edu https://bit.ly/Hadalzone ▀▀▀▀▀▀ Credits Narrator: James Stewart Producers: Alex McColgan, James Stewart Writer: Nigel Code Video Editor: Celal Kaçar Animator: Peter Sheppard Researcher: Edie Abrahams Thumbnail Designer: Peter Sheppard Channel Manager: Georgina Brenner Production Manager: Raquel Taylor Head of Astrum: Jess Jordan Creator of Astrum: Alex McColgan ▀▀▀▀▀▀ #AstrumEarth #Astrum #MarianaTrench

00:49:04

Scientists Are Studying Particles So Strange They Have Broken Our Physics

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252K views 1 year ago

00:18:04

We Are Currently Passing Through a Supernova Graveyard

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342K views 1 year ago

,Did you know our solar system is cruising through a giant bubble of superheated plasma, carved out by at least 15 nearby supernova explosions? In this video, we’re investigating the ancient expanding structure of the Local Hot Bubble, while racing towards its very centre. ▀▀▀▀▀▀ Astrum's newsletter has launched! Want to know what's happening in space? Sign up here: https://astrumspace.kit.com ▀▀▀▀▀▀ Astrum Displate Posters: https://astrumspace.info/Displates Astrum Infographic Artwork: https://electrify.art/collections/astrum Astrum Merch: https://astrum-shop.fourthwall.com/ Join us on the Astrum discord: https://discord.gg/TKw8Hpvtv8 A huge thanks to our Patreons who help make these videos possible. Sign-up here to support the channel: https://bit.ly/4aiJZNF ▀▀▀▀▀▀ Astrum Podcast on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/6jPRrbq3o3dpvBb173ZTKi?si=a90d3efe3b704c83 Astrum Earth: https://youtube.com/@AstrumEarth Astrum Extra: https://www.youtube.com/@astrumextra Astrum Spanish: https://www.youtube.com/@astrumespanol Astrum Portuguese: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChn_-OwvV63mr1yeUGvH-BQ ▀▀▀▀▀▀ References: "1,000-Light-Year Wide Bubble Surrounding Earth is Source of All Nearby, Young Stars", via harvard.edu https://astrumspace.info/bubblearoundEarth "A Theory of The Interstellar Medium", via harvard.edu https://astrumspace.info/interstellarmedium "Star formation near the Sun is driven by expansion of the Local Bubble", via nature.com https://astrumspace.info/localbubbleexpansion "NASA X-ray Instrument Confirms the 'Local Hot Bubble'", via nasa.gov https://astrumspace.info/LHBconfirmed "Numerical studies on the link between radioisotopic signatures on Earth and the formation of the Local Bubble", via aanda.org https://astrumspace.info/radioisotopes "Recent near-Earth supernovae probed by global deposition of interstellar radioactive 60Fe", via nih.gov https://astrumspace.info/Fe60 "eROSITA unveils asymmetries in temperature and shape of our Local Hot Bubble", via mpg.de https://astrumspace.info/eROSITA "Interstellar Matter around the Sun", via lumenlearning.com https://astrumspace.info/interstellarmatter "Mysterious 'Interstellar Tunnel' Found in Our Local Pocket of Space", via sciencealert.com https://astrumspace.info/interstellartunnel "3D interactive view of the LHB and the solar neighbourhood", via mpg.de https://astrumspace.info/interactiveLHB ▀▀▀▀▀▀ Credits: Writer: Michelle Babcock Video Editor: Stefan Payne-Wardenaar Animator: Stefan Payne-Wardenaar Researcher: Edie Abrahams Script Editor: Damaris McColgan Thumbnail Designer: Peter Sheppard Channel Manager: Georgina Brenner Production Manager: Raquel Taylor Head of Astrum: Jess Jordan Creator of Astrum: Alex McColgan With special thanks to: NASA/ESO/ESA #Astrum #Space #Supernova #LocalHotBubble

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00:35:34

Understanding Earth’s 100,000-Year Ice Age Cycle

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573K views 1 year ago

,Join us on a journey back to Earth’s last Ice Age. Learn a new job in tech starting from $200/mo! Sign up for a FREE TripleTen career consultation with my link: https://get.tripleten.com/astrumspace ▀▀▀▀▀▀ In this video, we’re travelling back to Earth's frozen past, to discover what our planet was like during the Ice Age. What massive creatures dominated these icy landscapes, and what caused their extinction? We'll also ask a chilling question: could it happen again? Join us as we explore the rise and fall of Earth's frozen past and look for the warning signs of its return. ▀▀▀▀▀▀ Astrum's newsletter has launched! Want to know what's happening in space? Sign up here: https://astrumspace.kit.com ▀▀▀▀▀▀ Astrum Displate Posters: https://astrumspace.info/Displates Astrum Infographic Artwork: https://electrify.art/collections/astrum Astrum Merch: https://astrum-shop.fourthwall.com/ Join us on the Astrum discord: https://discord.gg/TKw8Hpvtv8 A huge thanks to our Patreons who help make these videos possible. Sign-up here to support the channel: https://bit.ly/4aiJZNF ▀▀▀▀▀▀ Astrum Podcast on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/6jPRrbq3o3dpvBb173ZTKi?si=a90d3efe3b704c83 Astrum Earth: https://youtube.com/@AstrumEarth Astrum Extra: https://www.youtube.com/@astrumextra Astrum Spanish: https://www.youtube.com/@astrumespanol Astrum Portuguese: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChn_-OwvV63mr1yeUGvH-BQ ▀▀▀▀▀▀ References: “How many ice ages has the Earth had, and could humans live through one?”, via theconversation.com https://astrumspace.info/howmanyiceages “Milankovitch (Orbital) Cycles and Their Role in Earth’s Climate”, via nasa.gov https://astrumspace.info/Milankovitch “Pleistocene epoch: The last ice age”, via livescience.com https://astrumspace.info/Pleistocene “What is Bergmann’s Rule?”, via byjus.com https://astrumspace.info/BergmannsRule “10 fascinating facts about woolly mammoths”, via blog.ted.com https://astrumspace.info/woollymammoth “Thriving or surviving? The isotopic record of the Wrangel Island woolly mammoth population”, via helsinki.fi https://astrumspace.info/Wrangelmammoths “Proportions and function of the limbs of glyptodonts”, via scup.com https://astrumspace.info/glyptodonts “Ecology and Distribution of Late Pleistocene Sloths”, via mdpi.com https://astrumspace.info/giantlandsloths “Pleistocene burrows in the Mar del Plata area (Argentina) and their probable builders”, via agro.icm.edu.pl https://astrumspace.info/palaeoburrows “Life and extinction of megafauna in the ice-age Arctic”, via pnas.org https://astrumspace.info/megafaunaextinction “Native Americans Descend From Ancient Montana Boy”, via science.org https://astrumspace.info/Anzickchild “Subsurface ocean warming preceded Heinrich Events”, via nature.com https://astrumspace.info/Heinrichwarnings ▀▀▀▀▀▀ Credits: Writer: Edie Abrahams Video Editor: Drew Stubbs Researcher: Edie Abrahams Script Editor: Damaris McColgan Thumbnail Designer: Peter Sheppard Channel Manager: Georgina Brenner Executive Producer: Raquel Taylor Creator of Astrum: Alex McColgan With special thanks to: NASA/ESO/ESA #astrum #space #iceage #earth