,Astrum,space,astrum space,astrumspace,astronomy,astrophysics,science,physics,documentary,space documentary,science documentary,earth,stars,star,galaxy,solar system,sun,NASA,ESA,polaris,north star,northstar,cepheid,cepheid variable,standard candle,stellar,binary,triple,triple star,star system,polaris aa,polaris b,polaris ab,Leavitt,henrietta Leavitt,Magellanic Cloud,parallax,giant star,supergiant star,dwarf star,stellar evolution,centauri,navigation,ZTX64qW_LK0,, Knowledge, channel_UC-9b7aDP6ZN0coj9-xFnrtw, video_ZTX64qW_LK0,The problem with Polaris, the North Star.
Get a special 35% discount* on an annual digital subscription to The Economist at https://www.economist.com/Astrum *20% in the UK, Latin America, and India.
Referenced article: https://www.economist.com/science-and-technology/2025/08/06/astronomers-cannot-agree-on-how-fast-the-universe-is-expanding
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For centuries, we've relied on the North Star to guide us across the Earth. A static, bright beacon in the northern sky, Polaris serves as a reliable method of navigation… or does it? This star proves far more challenging to study than it initially appears. From its distance, to its secret companions, we’re unravelling the mysteries of Polaris - mysteries that only grow stranger the closer we look.
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0:00 The Problem with Polaris
1:04 Finding the North Star
2:08 Triple Star System
4:36 Cepheids: Standard Candles
6:34 Polaris Aa Is Weird
11:54 Are Our Models Wrong?
16:06 The Age Paradox
18:18 Polaris Won't Be the North Star Forever
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Astrum Displate Posters: https://astrumspace.info/Displates
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Astrum Merch: https://astrum-shop.fourthwall.com/
Join us on the Astrum discord: https://discord.gg/TKw8Hpvtv8
A huge thanks to our Patreons who help make these videos possible. Sign-up here to support the channel: https://bit.ly/4aiJZNF
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Astrum Podcast on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/6jPRrbq3o3dpvBb173ZTKi?si=a90d3efe3b704c83
Astrum Earth: https://youtube.com/@AstrumEarth
Astrum Extra: https://www.youtube.com/@astrumextra
Astrum Spanish: https://www.youtube.com/@astrumespanol
Astrum Portuguese: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChn_-OwvV63mr1yeUGvH-BQ
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References:
“Origin of Strange 'Blue Straggler' Stars Pinned Down”, via space.com https://astrumspace.info/bluestraggler
“Hubble Space Telescope Trigonometric Parallax of Polaris B”, via iop.org https://astrumspace.info/companionstar
“Probing Polaris”, via eso.org https://astrumspace.info/probingpolaris
“Finding magnetic north: an extraordinary magnetic field detection in Polaris and first results of a magnetic survey of classical Cepheids”, via ras.ac.uk https://astrumspace.info/polarismagneticnorth
“Astronomers Find Spots on Surface of Polaris”, via sci.news https://astrumspace.info/sunspots
“Toward Ending the Polaris Parallax Debate: A Precise Distance to Our Nearest Cepheid from Gaia DR”, via iop.org https://astrumspace.info/polarisdistance
“The Period Change of the Cepheid Polaris Suggests Enhanced Mass Loss”, via iop.org https://astrumspace.info/unstablephase
“The Period Changes of Polaris”, via jstor.org https://astrumspace.info/periodincrease
“Precise Radial Velocities of Polaris: Detection of Amplitude Growth”, via iop.org https://astrumspace.info/Cepheidamplitude
“Periods of 25 Variable Stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud”, via harvard.edu https://astrumspace.info/Cepheidrelationship
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Credits:
Writer: Julia Masselos
Video Editor: Nick Shishkin
Researcher: Edie Abrahams
Script Editor: Damaris McColgan
Thumbnail Designer: Peter Sheppard
Channel Manager: Georgina Brenner
Production Manager: Raquel Taylor
Head of Astrum: Jess Jordan
Creator of Astrum: Alex McColgan
With special thanks to:
NASA/ESO/ESA
#astrum #space #polaris #northstar
,Astrum,space,astrum space,astrumspace,astronomy,astrophysics,science,physics,documentary,space documentary,science documentary,earth,planets,star,stars,galaxy,galaxies,solar system,sun,NASA,ESA,local hot bubble,bubble,gas,plasma,supernova,supernovae,supernovas,supernova remnant,cloud,dust,hot,superheated,million degree,density,stellar,interstellar,star forming,formation,milky way,region,void,nearby stars,fKPo5q-u-s8,, Knowledge, channel_UC-9b7aDP6ZN0coj9-xFnrtw, video_fKPo5q-u-s8,Did you know our solar system is cruising through a giant bubble of superheated plasma, carved out by at least 15 nearby supernova explosions? In this video, we’re investigating the ancient expanding structure of the Local Hot Bubble, while racing towards its very centre.
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Astrum Displate Posters: https://astrumspace.info/Displates
Astrum Infographic Artwork: https://electrify.art/collections/astrum
Astrum Merch: https://astrum-shop.fourthwall.com/
Join us on the Astrum discord: https://discord.gg/TKw8Hpvtv8
A huge thanks to our Patreons who help make these videos possible. Sign-up here to support the channel: https://bit.ly/4aiJZNF
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Astrum Podcast on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/6jPRrbq3o3dpvBb173ZTKi?si=a90d3efe3b704c83
Astrum Earth: https://youtube.com/@AstrumEarth
Astrum Extra: https://www.youtube.com/@astrumextra
Astrum Spanish: https://www.youtube.com/@astrumespanol
Astrum Portuguese: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChn_-OwvV63mr1yeUGvH-BQ
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References:
"1,000-Light-Year Wide Bubble Surrounding Earth is Source of All Nearby, Young Stars", via harvard.edu https://astrumspace.info/bubblearoundEarth
"A Theory of The Interstellar Medium", via harvard.edu https://astrumspace.info/interstellarmedium
"Star formation near the Sun is driven by expansion of the Local Bubble", via nature.com https://astrumspace.info/localbubbleexpansion
"NASA X-ray Instrument Confirms the 'Local Hot Bubble'", via nasa.gov https://astrumspace.info/LHBconfirmed
"Numerical studies on the link between radioisotopic signatures on Earth and the formation of the Local Bubble", via aanda.org https://astrumspace.info/radioisotopes
"Recent near-Earth supernovae probed by global deposition of interstellar radioactive 60Fe", via nih.gov https://astrumspace.info/Fe60
"eROSITA unveils asymmetries in temperature and shape of our Local Hot Bubble", via mpg.de https://astrumspace.info/eROSITA
"Interstellar Matter around the Sun", via lumenlearning.com https://astrumspace.info/interstellarmatter
"Mysterious 'Interstellar Tunnel' Found in Our Local Pocket of Space", via sciencealert.com https://astrumspace.info/interstellartunnel
"3D interactive view of the LHB and the solar neighbourhood", via mpg.de https://astrumspace.info/interactiveLHB
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Credits:
Writer: Michelle Babcock
Video Editor: Stefan Payne-Wardenaar
Animator: Stefan Payne-Wardenaar
Researcher: Edie Abrahams
Script Editor: Damaris McColgan
Thumbnail Designer: Peter Sheppard
Channel Manager: Georgina Brenner
Production Manager: Raquel Taylor
Head of Astrum: Jess Jordan
Creator of Astrum: Alex McColgan
With special thanks to:
NASA/ESO/ESA
#Astrum #Space #Supernova #LocalHotBubble
,Astrum,space,astrum space,astrumspace,astronomy,astrophysics,science,physics,documentary,space documentary,science documentary,earth,stars,galaxies,solar system,sun,NASA,ESA,universe,of the universe,expanding,expansion,hubble,hubble constant,cosmological constant,distance,universe expanding,dark energy,einstein,spacetime,inflation,big bang,big crunch,big freeze,heat death,end of the universe,time,cosmology,beginning,universe begin,how old,age,edge,lFqcgmNt8PE,, Knowledge, channel_UC-9b7aDP6ZN0coj9-xFnrtw, video_lFqcgmNt8PE,This Astrum Supercut explores the universe's expansion, origins, and ultimate fate.
Get a special 35% discount* on an annual digital subscription to The Economist at https://www.economist.com/Astrum *20% in the UK, Latin America, and India.
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Why is our universe expanding? How did it begin, and where will it end? In this Supercut, we explore the biggest fundamental questions about the cosmos and what lies ahead.
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0:00 Our Expanding Universe
2:44 Measuring Distances
9:03 The Universe Is Expanding
10:39 Olber’s Paradox
16:45 The Big Bang Theory
18:51 Is Everything Expanding? Even Galaxies?
19:47 The Observable Universe
21:11 How Old Is the Universe?
24:22 Is this Star Older than the Universe?
26:00 Dark Energy
28:28 A Quantum Explanation
30:24 Measuring Dark Energy
33:53 The End of the Universe
36:06 Big Freeze
39:16 Cyclic Universe
41:32 String Theory
43:08 Big Rip
46:48 Big Crunch
47:46 Big Bounce
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Astrum's newsletter has launched! Want to know what's happening in space?
Sign up here: https://astrumspace.kit.com
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Astrum Displate Posters: https://astrumspace.info/Displates
Astrum Infographic Artwork: https://electrify.art/collections/astrum
Astrum Merch: https://astrum-shop.fourthwall.com/
Join us on the Astrum discord: https://discord.gg/TKw8Hpvtv8
A huge thanks to our Patreons who help make these videos possible. Sign-up here to support the channel: https://bit.ly/4aiJZNF
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Astrum Podcast on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/6jPRrbq3o3dpvBb173ZTKi?si=a90d3efe3b704c83
Astrum Earth: https://youtube.com/@AstrumEarth
Astrum Extra: https://www.youtube.com/@astrumextra
Astrum Spanish: https://www.youtube.com/@astrumespanol
Astrum Portuguese: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChn_-OwvV63mr1yeUGvH-BQ
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Credits:
Writers: Jon McColgan, Alex McColgan
Video Editors: Nathália Huzian, Frame Forge, Alex McColgan
Researcher: Edie Abrahams
Script Editor: Damaris McColgan
Thumbnail Designer: Peter Sheppard
Channel Manager: Georgina Brenner
Executive Producer: Raquel Taylor
Creator of Astrum: Alex McColgan
With special thanks to:
NASA/ESO/ESA
#Astrum #Space #ExpandingUniverse
,Astrum,space,astrum space,astrumspace,astronomy,astrophysics,science,physics,documentary,space documentary,science documentary,earth,jupiter,planet,planets,solar system,NASA,Late heavy bombardment,bombardment,bombardment theory,late bombardment,moon,the moon,crater,craters,formation,moon rock,moonrock,apollo mission,apollo,impact,asteroid,asteroids,grand tack,formed,dinosaur,dinosaurs,7PI21DA16Hg,, , channel_UC-9b7aDP6ZN0coj9-xFnrtw, video_7PI21DA16Hg,Assault on the inner solar system...
To try out Brilliant’s online courses, head to http://brilliant.org/astrum for a 30-day free trial, and 20% off a premium annual subscription.
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Our Moon's cratered surface tells the story of a cosmic catastrophe - the Late Heavy Bombardment, when meteors rained down in an apocalyptic blitzkrieg that left its surface battered and scarred. What triggered this celestial assault? How did Earth escape the same fate? And could it be the key to understanding how we got here today?
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1:38 Clue 1: Moonrocks
3:08 How Did the Planets Form?
5:14 Where Did the Rocks Come From?
7:47 Bombarding the Earth
11:07 Evolution of Our Planet
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Astrum's newsletter has launched! Want to know what's happening in space?
Sign up here: https://astrumspace.kit.com
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Astrum Displate Posters: https://astrumspace.info/Displates
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Astrum Merch: https://astrum-shop.fourthwall.com/
Join us on the Astrum discord: https://discord.gg/TKw8Hpvtv8
A huge thanks to our Patreons who help make these videos possible. Sign-up here to support the channel: https://bit.ly/4aiJZNF
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Astrum Podcast on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/6jPRrbq3o3dpvBb173ZTKi?si=a90d3efe3b704c83
Astrum Earth: https://youtube.com/@AstrumEarth
Astrum Extra: https://www.youtube.com/@astrumextra
Astrum Spanish: https://www.youtube.com/@astrumespanol
Astrum Portuguese: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChn_-OwvV63mr1yeUGvH-BQ
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References:
“What is the Late Heavy Bombardment?” via nasa.gov https://astrumspace.info/LHB
“A Timeline for Planet Formation”, via nasa.gov https://astrumspace.info/Earthtimeline
“Solar System Objects”, via nasa.gov https://astrumspace.info/solarsystemobjects
“New date for ‘Late Heavy Bombardment’ may change life’s timeline on Earth”, via astronomy.com https://astrumspace.info/newdateLHB
“Asteroid Facts”, via nasa.gov https://astrumspace.info/asteroidfacts
“A low mass for Mars from Jupiter’s early gas-driven migration”, via arxiv.org https://astrumspace.info/Jupitermigration
“How did the Moon form?”, via nasa.gov https://astrumspace.info/moonformation
“Jupiter's "Grand Tack" Reshaped the Solar System”, via nasa.gov https://astrumspace.info/Jupitergrandtack
“The Archean Eon and the Hadean”, via berkeley.edu https://astrumspace.info/archean
“ Where did Earth's water come from?”, via carnegiescience.edu https://astrumspace.info/Earthswater
“The Late Heavy Bombardment”, via swri.edu https://astrumspace.info/LHBreview
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Credits:
Writer: Nigel Code, Jon McColgan
Video Editor: Matheus L. Heberlê
Researcher: Edie Abrahams
Script Editor: Damaris McColgan
Thumbnail Designer: Peter Sheppard
Channel Manager: Georgina Brenner
Executive Producer: Raquel Taylor
Creator of Astrum: Alex McColgan
With special thanks to:
NASA/ESO/ESA
#astrum #space #lateheavybombardment #solarsystem
,Astrum,space,astrum space,astrumspace,science,documentary,space documentary,science documentary,sun,earth,earth science,geology,paleontology,palaeontology,history,earth history,ice age,ice,frozen,milankovitch cycle,milankovitch,climate,next ice age,end,new ice age,dinosaur,dinosaurs,homo sapien,homo sapiens,creatures,mammoth,woolly mammoth,mammoths,Glyptodont,fossil,fossils,sloth,sloths,giant sloth,ground sloth,fauna,megafauna,giant,animals,evidence,evolution,wXjD0NzBXLU,, Knowledge, channel_UC-9b7aDP6ZN0coj9-xFnrtw, video_wXjD0NzBXLU,Join us on a journey back to Earth’s last Ice Age.
Learn a new job in tech starting from $200/mo! Sign up for a FREE TripleTen career consultation with my link: https://get.tripleten.com/astrumspace
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In this video, we’re travelling back to Earth's frozen past, to discover what our planet was like during the Ice Age. What massive creatures dominated these icy landscapes, and what caused their extinction? We'll also ask a chilling question: could it happen again? Join us as we explore the rise and fall of Earth's frozen past and look for the warning signs of its return.
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Astrum's newsletter has launched! Want to know what's happening in space?
Sign up here: https://astrumspace.kit.com
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Astrum Displate Posters: https://astrumspace.info/Displates
Astrum Infographic Artwork: https://electrify.art/collections/astrum
Astrum Merch: https://astrum-shop.fourthwall.com/
Join us on the Astrum discord: https://discord.gg/TKw8Hpvtv8
A huge thanks to our Patreons who help make these videos possible. Sign-up here to support the channel: https://bit.ly/4aiJZNF
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Astrum Podcast on Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/6jPRrbq3o3dpvBb173ZTKi?si=a90d3efe3b704c83
Astrum Earth: https://youtube.com/@AstrumEarth
Astrum Extra: https://www.youtube.com/@astrumextra
Astrum Spanish: https://www.youtube.com/@astrumespanol
Astrum Portuguese: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChn_-OwvV63mr1yeUGvH-BQ
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References:
“How many ice ages has the Earth had, and could humans live through one?”, via theconversation.com https://astrumspace.info/howmanyiceages
“Milankovitch (Orbital) Cycles and Their Role in Earth’s Climate”, via nasa.gov https://astrumspace.info/Milankovitch
“Pleistocene epoch: The last ice age”, via livescience.com https://astrumspace.info/Pleistocene
“What is Bergmann’s Rule?”, via byjus.com https://astrumspace.info/BergmannsRule
“10 fascinating facts about woolly mammoths”, via blog.ted.com https://astrumspace.info/woollymammoth
“Thriving or surviving? The isotopic record of the Wrangel Island woolly mammoth population”, via helsinki.fi https://astrumspace.info/Wrangelmammoths
“Proportions and function of the limbs of glyptodonts”, via scup.com https://astrumspace.info/glyptodonts
“Ecology and Distribution of Late Pleistocene Sloths”, via mdpi.com https://astrumspace.info/giantlandsloths
“Pleistocene burrows in the Mar del Plata area (Argentina) and their probable builders”, via agro.icm.edu.pl https://astrumspace.info/palaeoburrows
“Life and extinction of megafauna in the ice-age Arctic”, via pnas.org https://astrumspace.info/megafaunaextinction
“Native Americans Descend From Ancient Montana Boy”, via science.org https://astrumspace.info/Anzickchild
“Subsurface ocean warming preceded Heinrich Events”, via nature.com https://astrumspace.info/Heinrichwarnings
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Credits:
Writer: Edie Abrahams
Video Editor: Drew Stubbs
Researcher: Edie Abrahams
Script Editor: Damaris McColgan
Thumbnail Designer: Peter Sheppard
Channel Manager: Georgina Brenner
Executive Producer: Raquel Taylor
Creator of Astrum: Alex McColgan
With special thanks to:
NASA/ESO/ESA
#astrum #space #iceage #earth
,Astrum,space,astrum space,astronomy,astrophysics,physics,science,documentary,science documentary,space documentary,universe,telescope,VISTA,ESO,ESO VISTA,European Southern Observatory,Infrared Survey,visible infrared,telescope survey,images,new images,galaxy,galaxies,milky way,esa,star,stars,star cluster,globular,open cluster,cluster,galactic bulge,galactic,galactic center,centre,cosmos,stellar,space images,space photos,our galaxy,cepheid,news,space news,AcGdnXOqfWM,, , channel_UC-9b7aDP6ZN0coj9-xFnrtw, video_AcGdnXOqfWM,ESO's VISTA telescope has pierced through cosmic dust to reveal 1.5 billion objects hidden by our galaxy’s dust. This unprecedented infrared survey unveils what visible light cannot show us - newborn stars, ancient stellar fossils, and distant galaxies previously cloaked in darkness. Join us as we explore these remarkable images that have lifted the veil on the Milky Way's secret architecture, forever changing our understanding of our cosmic home.
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Subscribe to our new channel!
Astrum Earth: https://youtube.com/@AstrumEarth
Sign-up to our Patreon for early access to Astrum Earth content: https://bit.ly/4aiJZNF
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Astrum Podcast: https://www.buzzsprout.com/2250635/share
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Join us on the Astrum discord: https://discord.gg/TKw8Hpvtv8
SUBSCRIBE for more videos about space and astronomy.
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Astrum Spanish: https://www.youtube.com/@astrumespanol
Astrum Portuguese: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChn_-OwvV63mr1yeUGvH-BQ
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References:
“ESO telescope captures the most detailed infrared map ever of our Milky Way”, via eso.org https://astrumspace.info/VISTApressrelease
“VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV): The public ESO near-IR variability survey of the Milky Way”, via sciencedirect.com https://astrumspace.info/VVVsurvey
“The VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea extended (VVVX) ESO public survey: Completion of the observations and legacy”, via aanda.org https://astrumspace.info/VVVXsurvey
“Discovery of a Pair of Classical Cepheids in an Invisible Cluster Beyond the Galactic Bulge” Via iop.org https://astrumspace.info/Cepheiddiscovery
“ VVV Survey RR LYRAE in the Nuclear Bulge of the Milky Way and the Formation of the Galactic Nuclei”, via eso.org https://astrumspace.info/RRLyraediscovery
“Discovery of VVV CL001: A low-mass globular cluster next to UKS 1 in the direction of the Galactic bulge”, via aanda.org https://astrumspace.info/VVVCL001
“The Most Exciting Massive Binary Cluster in NGC 5128: Clues to the Formation of Globular Clusters”, via iop.org https://astrumspace.info/binaryclusters
“VISTA Finds 96 Star Clusters Hidden Behind Dust”, via eso.org https://astrumspace.info/openclusters
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Credits
Writer: Michelle Babcock
Video Editors: Drew Stubbs & Nathália Huzian
Researcher: Edie Abrahams
Thumbnail Designer: Peter Sheppard
Channel Manager: Georgina Brenner
Executive Producer: Raquel Taylor
Creator of Astrum: Alex McColgan
With special thanks to:
NASA/ESO/ESA
#astrum #space #VISTA #ESO #galaxy
,moon landing,moon mission,Chandrayaan3,india moon mission,Pragyan rover,Vikram Lander,water on the moon,solar system,space technology,moon,the moon,astronomy,astrophysics,cosmology,astrum,space mission,Indian Space Research Organisation,isro,Chandrayaan-3,lunar,lunar mission,lunar south pole,lunar ice,space travel,ESA,European space agency,NASA,Chandrayaan-2,Satish Dhawan Space Centre,KD0xHfFmMKw,, , channel_UC-9b7aDP6ZN0coj9-xFnrtw, video_KD0xHfFmMKw,The success of the Chandrayaan-3 mission raises even more questions about our already mysterious Moon. Displate Posters: https://displate.com/promo/astrum?art=5f04759ac338b
Astrum Podcast! https://www.buzzsprout.com/2250635/share
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Become a Patron today and support my channel! Donate link above. I can't do it without you. Thanks to those who have supported so far!
#astrum #astronomy #space #spacetechnology #moon #solarsystem #chandrayaan3 #indiamoonmission #india #moonmission
,sun,solar cycles,solar maximum,space weather,geomagnetic storm,solar flares,cme,coronal mass ejection,solar storm documentary,space,astrum,astrumspace,space news,coronal mass ejections,solar flare,solar storm,sunspots,schwabe cycles,hale cycles,hale cycle,schwabe cycle,solar storms,nasa,solar flare today,spaceweather,solar flare geomagnetic storm,sun cme,sunspot solar flare,sun spots,geomagnetic storms,solar cycle 25,sunspot,the sun,sun flare,B3aNeJ5s7ew,, , channel_UC-9b7aDP6ZN0coj9-xFnrtw, video_B3aNeJ5s7ew,What effect does this solar cycle have on our own planet? Visit https://brilliant.org/astrum to sample their courses in a 30-day free trial + the first 200 people will get 20% off their annual subscription.
Astrum Podcast! https://www.buzzsprout.com/2250635/share
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SUBSCRIBE for more videos about our other planets.
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Thumbnail credit: https://www.instagram.com/simon2940/
Astrum Spanish: https://www.youtube.com/@astrumespanol
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Donate!
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Ethereum Wallet: 0x5F8cf793962ae8Df4Cba017E7A6159a104744038
Become a Patron today and support my channel! Donate link above. I can't do it without you. Thanks to those who have supported so far!
#solarcycle #sun #astrum
,1,#shorts Voyager 1 has traveled further than any human invention has gone before. Currently, 23.8 billion km from Earth, watch this video to see Voyager 1's incredible journey through space.
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Image Credits: NASA/ESO/ESA
,1,The journey of Voyager I and II beyond the orbit of Neptune.
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Image Credits: NASA
voyager final images voyager 1 voyager 2 voyagers NASA edge of solar system voyager discovery
