,SciShow,science,Hank,Green,education,learn,complexly,rocks box,why the hardest rocks can be easy to break,rock,stefan chin,stefan,chin,mohs hardness,hardness,diamond,stone,topaz,mineral,talc,gypsum,geology,ruby,sapphire,flourine,aluminum,silicate,impurity,crystal,el dorado topaz,brazil,beryl,cleavage,atoms,prismatic cleavage,cubic cleavage,sheen,deform,X8HOTPIXXgI,, Lifestyle_(sociology), channel_UCZYTClx2T1of7BRZ86-8fow, video_X8HOTPIXXgI,So, rocks are hard. But the scale we use to rank them, the Mohs scale, is only really good at quantifying that for one kind of hardness, and topaz is a perfect stone to talk about to explain that. And you can check it out in our SciShow Rocks Box subscription!
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Sources:
Mohs Hardness Scale (U.S. National Park Service).
https://ballarini.cive.uh.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/96.pdf
Topaz | Geoscience Australia
Cleavage of Minerals | Geology In
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.5408/1089-9995-55.1.56
The Largest Faceted Gemstones in the World | Geology In
Moh's hardness scale compared to indentation hardness
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https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/video/mans-hand-with-a-hammer-hits-the-rock-stock-footage/1989724380
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mohs.jpg
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https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/nail-on-white-royalty-free-image/183295634?phrase=nail
https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/video/diamond-loose-image-loopable-stock-footage/473169193
https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/video/natural-ruby-gemstone-on-the-turning-table-stock-footage/1314826038
https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/blue-sapphir-on-black-coal-background-royalty-free-image/1222335712?phrase=sapphire
https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/uncut-imperial-topaz-royalty-free-image/535427664?phrase=topaz
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https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/searching-for-stones-mines-and-precious-crystals-in-royalty-free-image/1054936628?phrase=spinel
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https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Topaz_NHMLA.png
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https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Topaz_red.jpg
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https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/microscope-rock-analysis-royalty-free-image/531323408?phrase=geology+lab
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,1,Head to https://linode.com/scishow to get a $100 60-day credit on a new Linode account. Linode offers simple, affordable, and accessible Linux cloud solutions and services.
You have domestication to thank for some of your favorite foods, furry friends, and even a mode of transportation. But did we domesticate ourselves, too?
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While cases of Monkeypox are being found worldwide, the nature of the disease and the science we currently have available keeps concerns from growing.
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,1,In the past couple years, you may have found yourself wishing that all the viruses in the world just disappear. But be careful what you wish for...
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,1,What is the truth about viruses? They evolve, grow, and can be killed by our immune system, but are they actually alive? Learn all about these ferocious little things in this new episode of SciShow, hosted by Michael Aranda!
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,1,You might get the impression that all viruses are terrible, awful, no-good things that just wreak havoc on humanity. But, surprise: The truth is way more interesting!
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,1,Evolution is known to be a long, slow process. But thanks to our interference, some animals have adapted at light speed in order to survive.
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,1,We've all heard, “breast is best," but is it true? What's the real science behind breast milk and baby formula?
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https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/breastfeed-supply.html
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https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/formula-feeding/Pages/Amount-and-Schedule-of-Formula-Feedings.aspx
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673617305524
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/02/23/what-youve-read-about-breastfeeding-may-not-be-true/
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https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1523-536X.1981.tb01593.x
https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/nis_data/results.html
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4025624/
https://www.babyfriendlyusa.org/for-facilities/practice-guidelines/10-steps-and-international-code/
,megaflood,The Catastrophic Flood That Triggered an Ice Age | ft. PBS Eons,Younger Dryas,huge floods,how floods made an ice age,history of the ice age,when was the last ice age,ice age facts,climate change flooding,how floods created ice age,climate change in history,ice age,Stefan Chin and Blake De Pastino,Stefan Chin,130000 years ago,BC,10000 bc,ancient,qMVhR26NRsk,, Knowledge, channel_UCZYTClx2T1of7BRZ86-8fow, video_qMVhR26NRsk,Did you know that a massive ancient flood triggered a thousand year ice age? 13,000 years ago, North America seemed to be thawing from a 2.6 million-year ice age. Then, a huge swath of Earth was suddenly plunged back into the cold for 1,000 years. To understand why, join Stefan Chin and Blake De Pastino for today's episode where they'll unpack megafloods.
Check out the PBS Eons episode about epic floods: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YWZgfPGtQEs&feature=youtu.be
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Sources
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http://www.pnas.org/content/109/49/19928
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0277379194900051
https://web.archive.org/web/20140222170725/http://www.eeescience.utoledo.edu/Faculty/fisher/Fisher/Publications_files/Fisher_etal_QSR02.pdf
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c6ae/39202d3141d5b7efbb205d48eb58e1b2195d.pdf
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-018-0169-6
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature08954
https://sites.physics.utoronto.ca/peltier_wr/selected-publications/pubs_recent/lev-tarasov-w-r-peltier-a-calibrated-deglacial.pdf
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0277379101001457
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5426/32c53804f2e93b0b8724b68003008093ed6d.pdf
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https://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2002/pdf/1091.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/31969704_Subglacial_origin_of_Lake_Agassiz-Ojibway_final_outburst_flood
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/5dc7/a51fd7af8e06ac932c7b76127c7b971cbb16.pdf
https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2004/circ1254/pdf/Hold_On/circ1254_051904_old.pdf
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http://discovermagazine.com/2013/oct/05-what-killed-off-the-woolly-mammoths
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/lost-giants-did-mammoths/
https://www.eoas.ubc.ca/research/glaciology/research/IceDam.html
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https://www.academia.edu/4296796/Human_Population_Decline_in_North_America_during_the_Younger_Dryas
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/282/5393/1446
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/362/6416/738
https://www.sciencenews.org/article/younger-dryas-comet-impact-cold-snap
https://shubeika.ccrs.ku.dk/about/
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/slow-motion-ocean-atlantics-circulation-is-weakest-in-1-600-years/
https://www.livescience.com/31810-big-freeze-flood.html
“Fundamentals of Geomorphology” pg 247 by Richard John Huggett
“The Younger Dryas Climate Event”, The Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science, by A. E. Carlson
Image Sources:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/manitobamaps/2091302531
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ice_age_fauna_of_northern_Spain_-_Mauricio_Ant%C3%B3n.jpg
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Clovis_Rummells_Maske.jpg
,SciShow,science,Hank,Green,education,learn,oxygen,epsilon oxygen,fluorescence,UV,Chameleons,chemotherapy,hand-foot syndrome,Scotch tape,x-rays,triboluminescence,Fermilab,Aspirin,chemical message,bug bites,capuchin monkeys,benzoquinones,mosquitoes,S1kAz1Ku2LE,, Knowledge, channel_UCZYTClx2T1of7BRZ86-8fow, video_S1kAz1Ku2LE,Today Hank and Sam figure out if medical side effects could help you "do crimes" and whether you can have a "gentle hate."
Hosted by: Michael Aranda
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Sources:
Epsilon oxygen
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037015730400273X?via%3Dihub
https://www.nature.com/articles/nature05174
https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/red-oxygen-structure-revealed/3003419.article
http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/demos/main_pages/14.2.html
UV
https://www.wired.com/2013/11/arthropods-are-having-a-secret-rave/
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-19070-7
https://www.sciencealert.com/chameleons-bone-tubercules-ultraviolet-biofluorescence
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/puffin-beaks-are-fluorescent-and-theyre-not-only-ones-180968724/
https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/01/0104_020104budgie.html
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1691211/
http://jeb.biologists.org/content/214/12/2014
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/news-articles/1105/11052502
Chemotherapy
http://cancer.unm.edu/cancer/cancer-info/cancer-treatment/side-effects-of-cancer-treatment/less-common-side-effects/skin-reactions/hand-foot-syndrome/
http://time.com/3823350/cancer-patients-fingerprints/
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMicm1409635
Scotch tape
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-exactly-is-the-physi/
https://www.nature.com/news/2008/012345/full/news.2008.1185.html
Fermilab
http://history.fnal.gov/criers/FN_1979_04_26.PDF
http://news.fnal.gov/1997/09/hail-farewell-historic-main-ring-fermilab-batavia-il/
http://www.fnal.gov/pub/about/index.html
https://home.cern/about/engineering/radiofrequency-cavities
https://accelconf.web.cern.ch/accelconf/c07/PAPERS/461.pdf
Communication
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/12/131218170855.htm
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0082935
Monkeys
https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/05/science/for-monkeys-a-millipede-a-day-keeps-mosquitoes-away.html
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00114-003-0427-2
https://www.nature.com/news/2003/030604/full/news030602-5.html
-------
Sounds:
https://www.musicradar.com/news/tech/sampleradar-464-free-cartoon-caper-samples-643188
https://freesound.org/people/rui_aires/sounds/365893/
https://freesound.org/people/theneedle.tv/sounds/316682/
------
Images:
https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/piratic-trunk-chests-with-gold-coins-treasures-vector-illustration-catyoon-style-gm946018184-258361918
https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/cowboy-hat-gm452111993-23509232
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Octaoxygen-from-xtal-3D-balls.png
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Epsilon-oxygen-xtal-3D-balls.png
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-19070-7/figures/4
https://youtu.be/S9ye2evdaWI
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cockatiel_under_blacklight.jpg
https://youtu.be/Q23AhMhu2hY
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/hand-ready-for-handshake-isolated-on-white-gm828468374-134796305
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/adhesive-tape-dispenser-gm907549828-250012664
https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/spring-cleaning-flat-design-springtime-icon-gm969187714-264182836
https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/blue-circuit-board-vector-illustration-gm854518064-140549383
https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/cosmetic-airy-spray-water-atomizer-effect-of-white-smoke-and-fog-isolated-on-gm914675866-251740305
https://www.istockphoto.com/vector/centipede-gm532626275-55987858
https://www.istockphoto.com/photo/a-swarm-of-flying-mosquitoes-gm697726530-129358929
,1,If you celebrate American Thanksgiving, odds are you're full of food and pretty sleepy right about now. While you drift off for a post-feast nap, enjoy this compilation of episodes covering all kinds of different sleepy, science-y topics!
Hosted by: Michael Aranda
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,1,That terrible pain the befalls us when enjoying an icy treat! How does that happen? Is there a cure? Let Hank explain.
----------
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Sources:
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/05/130522095335.htm
http://mentalfloss.com/article/12293/why-do-people-get-ice-cream-headaches
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/244458.php
,laser,fusion,hank green,gT72DZVURng,, , channel_UCZYTClx2T1of7BRZ86-8fow, video_gT72DZVURng,Hank remembers Back to the Future and tells us about his favorite word combination--lasers and fusion.
Like SciShow? Want to help support us, and also get things to put on your walls, cover your torso and hold your liquids? Check out our awesome products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/artist/52/SciShow
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sources:
https://lasers.llnl.gov/
https://www.llnl.gov/news/aroundthelab/2014/Feb/NR-14-02-06.html#.UwOdTl5DGU1
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature13008.html
http://www.wtsp.com/news/national/article/356537/81/Laser-bombardment-yields-energy-milestone
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/high-powered-lasers-deliver-fusion-energy-breakthrough/
http://www.popsci.com/article/science/national-ignition-facility-announces-record-amount-fusion-energy
,1,What happens when you don't sleep? And why do we need to do it anyways? Hank explains the science of sleep: the cause, the benefits, and who holds the record for going without it!
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Thumbnail credit: Mark Sebastian
Sources for this episode:
http://healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/healthy/science/what/characteristics
http://healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/healthy/matters/benefits-of-sleep/why-do-we-sleep
http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/chasleep.html
http://www.sleepfoundation.org/article/how-sleep-works/animals-sleep-there-human-connection
http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/sleep/articles/whatissleep.shtml
http://healthysleep.med.harvard.edu/image/200
http://www.nhahealth.com/science.htm
http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/crux/2012/05/14/is-the-purpose-of-sleep-to-let-our-brains-defragment-like-a-hard-drive/#.UeOA_tLvsuc
http://phys.org/news/2011-02-why-do-we-sleep.html
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3385863/
http://www.sciencenews.org/sn_arc97/5_24_97/fob2.htm
http://harvardmagazine.com/2005/07/deep-into-sleep.html
http://health.howstuffworks.com/mental-health/sleep/basics/why-do-we-sleep.htm
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=how-long-can-humans-stay
http://www.indiana.edu/~p1013447/dictionary/sleepdep.htm
http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/348604/description/News_in_Brief_Sleep_loss_affects_gene_activity
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/12/091215160900.htm
http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/human-brain/sleep1.htm
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/brain/episode3/sleep/
http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2010/05/sleep/max-text
http://www.sleepfoundation.org/article/sleep-topics/melatonin-and-sleep
http://discovermagazine.com/2006/oct/why-we-sleep#.UeLzwdLvsuc
http://harvardmagazine.com/2005/07/deep-into-sleep.html
,1,We all know it's awesome, and we could watch Chris Hadfield sing all day, but do you know about the awesome science that's being done on the International Space Station? Hank explains three big discoveries made on the ISS that you should know about.
Like SciShow? Want to help support us, and also get things to put on your walls, cover your torso and hold your liquids? Check out our awesome products over at DFTBA Records: http://dftba.com/artist/52/SciShow
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Sources for this episode:
ttp://www.space.com/20499-dark-matter-space-station-ams.html
http://www.space.com/20490-dark-matter-discovery-space-experiment.html
http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2011/12/year-in-review-p3-iss-new-discoveries-living-space/
http://www.americaspace.com/?p=33895
http://www.tested.com/science/space/456617-science-experiments-international-space-station/
http://www.cnn.com/2013/04/04/world/europe/space-dark-matter
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/news/1year_crew_feature.html#.Ugf57xafoUU
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/pfms.html
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-22016504
