,1,Cumrun Vafa is a theoretical physicist at Harvard. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors:
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CORRECTIONS:
- I'm currently hiring folks to help me with editing and image overlays so there may be some errors in overlays (as in this episode) as we build up a team. I ask for your patience.
- At 1 hour 27 minute mark, we overlay an image of Brian Greene. We meant to overlay an image of Michael Green, an early pioneer of string theory: https://bit.ly/michael-green-physicist
- The image overlay of the heliocentric model is incorrect.
EPISODE LINKS:
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Puzzles to Unravel the Universe (book): https://amzn.to/3BFk5ms
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OUTLINE:
0:00 - Introduction
1:51 - Difference between math and physics
4:34 - Evolution of quantum mechanics
7:52 - Can mathematics lead humanity off track
8:51 - Beauty in mathematics
14:10 - Philosophers using symmetry
20:04 - How can ancient geometry be used to understand reality
23:16 - Key ideas in the history of physics
26:09 - Einstein's special relativity
29:46 - Physicists building intuition
37:44 - Best work by Einstein
39:28 - Quantum mechanics
49:30 - Quantum gravity
51:45 - String theory
1:07:54 - 10th Dimension
1:14:32 - Skepticism regarding string theory
1:25:37 - Key figures in string theory
1:29:56 - String Theory's Nobel Prize
1:33:01 - Edward Witten
1:41:39 - String Theory Landscape & Swamplands
1:50:29 - Theories of everything
2:04:55 - Advice for young people
2:07:57 - Death
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,1,China’s “artificial sun” set a new record after it ran at 120 million degrees Celsius for 101 seconds, according to state media. The Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) device designed by China replicates the nuclear fusion process carried out by the sun . For 20 seconds, EAST also achieved a peak temperature of 160 million degrees Celsius which is over ten times hotter than the sun. The experiment was conducted at the Institute of Plasma Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (ASIPP), in Hefei. The ultimate goal of EAST is to create nuclear fusion like the Sun, using deuterium abound in the sea. Deuterium from one-litre of seawater can produce energy equivalent to 300 liters of gasoline, through a nuclear fusion reaction. For nuclear fusion to occur, tremendous heat and pressure are applied to hydrogen atoms so that they fuse together and unlike fission, Nuclear fusion is considered a safer process with no nuclear waste. Nuclear fusion could potentially provide unlimited clean energy and very low costs. China’s EAST project is part of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) facility which will become the world’s largest nuclear fusion reactor after it becomes operational in 2035. Several countries are a part of this project, including South Korea, Japan, Russia, India, and the United States. The next goal for the EAST project is to maintain the high temperature for a long period of time.
