,1,Join our Curiosity Box! https://www.curiositybox.com
https://twitter.com/tweetsauce
https://www.instagram.com/electricpants
SOURCES:
1896 snowball fight: https://twitter.com/joaquimcampa/status/1311391615425093634?lang=en
Prospective and retrospective timing:
YOUR BRAIN IS A TIME MACHINE by Dean Buonomano: https://www.amazon.com/Your-Brain-Time-Machine-Neuroscience/dp/0393355608/
ISOLATION - Mind Field: https://youtu.be/iqKdEhx-dD4
(every episode of Mind Field is free to watch on YouTube!)
speed of time as we age:
FELT TIME by Marc Wittmann: https://www.amazon.com/Felt-Time-Science-Experience-Press/dp/0262533545/
"Age effects in perception of time": https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16512313/
Olēka: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3FKsCK6Vfuk
periodization: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodization
WaitButWhy article about The Lion King: https://waitbutwhy.com/2020/01/its-2020-and-youre-in-the-future.html
Barbara Walters for scale subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/BarbaraWalters4Scale
Barbara Walter world history image: https://www.reddit.com/r/UnitsOfX/comments/bwma7g/oc_world_history_in_units_of_barbara_walters/
Examples of facts that challenge our chronological illusions:
https://canyouactually.com/23-mind-bending-facts-about-time-that-will-change-your-perception-of-history-forever/
https://www.buzzfeed.com/andyneuenschwander/14-facts-about-time-and-history-thatll-totally-bl
My "Narrow Slice" video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yNLdblFQqsw
construal level theory: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construal_level_theory
Sonder: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AkoML0_FiV4
Pipe Dream" - Animusic.com: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hyCIpKAIFyo
Early smile image: http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2017/09/story-behind-photo-happiest-man-china/
2:30am at a 7-11 near Disney World - 1987: https://youtu.be/RYbe-35_BaA
and: http://mrsitcom.blogspot.com/2014/04/the-story-of-7-11-video-shot-at-230am.html
Great subreddit for candid video: https://www.reddit.com/r/TheWayWeWereOnVideo/
New York City in 1993 in HD - DTheater DVHS Demo Tape: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fT4lDU-QLUY
"Historical consciousness: the enigma of different paradigms": https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00220272.2019.1652937
Zachary Sayre Schiffman's THE BIRTH OF THE PAST: https://www.amazon.com/Birth-Past-Zachary-S-Schiffman/dp/1421422786/
Hartmut Rosa's SOCIAL ACCELERATION: https://www.amazon.com/Social-Acceleration-Modernity-Directions-Critical/dp/0231148356
History of twitter UI: https://twirpz.wordpress.com/2015/06/03/the-history-of-twitter-in-profile-pages-2006-to-2015/
Effect of roads: http://iqc.ou.edu/2014/12/12/60yrsmidwest/
Talking With Attenborough Vsauce video: https://youtu.be/OC8_Sjlvxic
archive footage from archive.org and shutterstock
MRI clips are of my brain as taken by the Stark lab featured in this Mind field episode: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RHsAUyFCAM
--MUSIC (in order of first appearance)--
"glitch" audionetwork
"sweet revival" audionetwork
"passage of time" audionetwork
"desert witch" audionetwork
"facing south" audionetwork
"broadway dawn" audionetwork
"final breath" audionetwork
"tribeca" audionetwork
"carlin dream" Jake Chudnow
"martinique" audionetwork
"lazy daze" audionetwork
"imaginary sun w less voices" Jake Chudnow
"why so blue" audionetwork
"for leah" Jake Chudnow
"shona" Jake Chudnow
"moon men" Jake Chudnow
"crypt" audionetwork
"eclectica" audionetwork
"banjo ascension" audionetwork
"heat and dust" audionetwork
"twisted trip" audionetwork
'cats in pot' sweatshirt from https://www.babycatsofca.com/shop/cats-in-pot-sweatshirt
sweatshirt worn at the very end was designed by Martcellia Liunic https://www.liunic.com/
,1,The Holiday Box has evolved! Now you can support Vsauce, your brain, Alzheimer's research, and other YouTube educators by joining THE CURIOSITY BOX: a seasonal delivery of viral science toys made by Vsauce! A portion of all proceeds goes to Alzheimer's research and our Inquisitive Fellowship, a program that gives money and resources directly to growing science channels here on YouTube! https://www.curiositybox.com
SOURCES AND EXTRAS:
my twitter: http://www.twitter.com/tweetsauce
my instagram: http://www.instagram.com/electricpants
Gabriel’s horn:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel%27s_Horn
http://blog.plover.com/math/gabriels-horn.html
Gabriel’s wedding cake:
https://oumathclub.wordpress.com/2015/01/25/gabriels-wedding-cake/
PDF: http://people.emich.edu/aross15/math121/misc/gabriels-horn-ma044.pdf
Supersolid PDF: http://people.emich.edu/aross15/math121/misc/love-1989-supersolids.pdf
Zeno’s supertask paradoxes:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeno%27s_paradoxes
https://math.dartmouth.edu/~matc/Readers/HowManyAngels/SpaceTimeMotion/STM.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u7Z9UnWOJNY
Staccato Zeno runner with no velocity/acceleration discontinuities: https://goo.gl/2mYdcT
General supertask reads:
http://personal.lse.ac.uk/robert49/ebooks/PhilSciAdventures/lecture25.html
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spacetime-supertasks/
http://mathpages.com/rr/s3-07/3-07.htm
https://math.dartmouth.edu/~matc/Readers/HowManyAngels/SpaceTimeMotion/STM.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supertask
http://www.vordenker.de/gunther_web/achill1.htm
Big book of collected supertask writing: https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0AzP9WLLJLcC&dq=order+type+of+the+integers&source=gbs_navlinks_s
PDF’s about supertasks:
http://pitt.edu/~jearman/EarmanNorton1996a.pdf
http://www.interciencia.es/infinity/thomsonlamp.pdf
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1309.0144.pdf
http://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/onjpl.pdf
http://personal.lse.ac.uk/ROBERT49/teaching/ph103/2013-2014/pdf/EarmanNorton_CommentsOnLauraudogoita.pdf
http://arxiv.org/pdf/1503.05847v1.pdf
http://www.phys.nthu.edu.tw/~pep/download/Drawer/187.pdf
http://arxiv.org/pdf/math/0212047.pdf
Plank scale:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_scale
http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/P/Planck+Units
https://www.reddit.com/r/explainlikeimfive/comments/1oetkk/eli5_why_is_a_planck_length_the_smallest_possible/
Hyper computation and supertasks:
http://georgschauer.com/2013/04/03/overcoming-constraints-on-reliability-in-nomologically-accessible-m-h-relativistic-hypercomputers/
http://www.hypercomputation.net/download/1996a_hogarth.pdf
Thomson’s Lamp:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomson%27s_lamp
http://alexanderpruss.blogspot.ro/2009/05/thomson-lamp.html
Benacerraf on supertasks: [PDF] http://joelvelasco.net/teaching/hum9/benacerraf62-supertasks.pdf
Ordinal numbers (omega and omega+1):
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinal_number
http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/ordinals.htm
http://math.wikia.com/wiki/Ordinal_number
Ross-Littlewood paradox:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross%E2%80%93Littlewood_paradox
https://angryfaic.wordpress.com/2011/02/25/four-paradoxes-involving-infinity/
New York Times Neanderthal genome article: http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/08/15/sleeping-with-the-enemy
Neanderthals:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal
http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2013/01/125-restless-genes/dobbs-text
https://rogerdhansen.wordpress.com/2011/08/21/the-wandering-gene/
and boats: https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg21328544.800-neanderthals-were-ancient-mariners/
Another fun infinity paradox: http://lesswrong.com/lw/isp/on_the_importance_of_taking_limits_infinite/
SMBC Zeno comic: http://www.smbc-comics.com/?id=2759
MATH!
https://www.youtube.com/user/standupmaths
https://www.youtube.com/user/numberphile
https://www.youtube.com/user/singingbanana
https://www.youtube.com/user/Vihart
music from:
http://www.youtube.com/JakeChudnow
and
http://www.audionetwork.com
,1,Support Vsauce, your brain, Alzheimer's research, and other YouTube educators by joining THE CURIOSITY BOX: a seasonal delivery of viral science toys made by Vsauce! A portion of all proceeds goes to Alzheimer's research and our Inquisitive Fellowship, a program that gives money and resources directly to growing science channels here on YouTube! https://www.curiositybox.com
"To the makers of music – all worlds, all times"
Sources and links below!
http://www.twitter.com/tweetsauce
http://www.instagram.com/electricpants
Find out more about You, Me & The Apocalypse here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I7VgCEFnrBc&list=PL6RICtGJmFYIw--o6hrU_Cd4lVyuO9axD (UK & Ireland only)
Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows "Lachesism": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wqovm-Io2D0
Colin Furze backyard bunker: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8UKNajCgpEs
The Library of Babel: https://libraryofbabel.info
Picture of Earth from Saturn:
[image] https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/The_Day_the_Earth_Smiled_-_PIA17172.jpg
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=PIA14949
http://www.ciclops.org/view_event/194?js=1
Arecibo message:
https://writescience.wordpress.com/tag/arecibo-message/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecibo_message
Earth’s radio bubble: http://www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2012/3390.html
LAGEOS: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAGEOS
Last Pictures project on Echostar XVI:
http://creativetime.org/projects/the-last-pictures/
http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/11/a-time-capsule-launched-into-space-for-aliens-to-find-when-all-the-humans-are-gone/265718/
Graveyard orbits: http://spaceplace.nasa.gov/spacecraft-graveyard/en/
interstellar probes:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstellar_probe
Pioneer Plaques: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_plaque
Pulsars on plaque: http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/pulsarmap.html
Hydrogen line:
http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/118647/what-is-the-unit-of-time-on-the-voyager-golden-record
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_line
Voyager: http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/goldenrec1.html
Voyager Golden Record on wikipedia:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyager_Golden_Record
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contents_of_the_Voyager_Golden_Record
Media on Voyager:
https://soundcloud.com/nasa/sets/golden-record-sounds-of
http://imgur.com/a/CvEvO
Jimmy Carter message on Voyager: http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=7890
Positions of interstellar-bound probes: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/voyager/multimedia/pia14112.html
Articles about the Library of Babel:
http://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2015/07/23/the-library-of-babel-as-seen-from-within/
http://flavorwire.com/515783/brooklyn-author-recreates-borges-library-of-babel-as-infinite-website
More from Sky1 - http://www.sky.com/tv/channel/sky1
Watch more from Sky1 - https://www.youtube.com/user/skyonezone
Follow Sky on Twitter @Sky1 #ApocalypseSky1
,1,Support Vsauce, your brain, Alzheimer's research, and other YouTube educators by joining THE CURIOSITY BOX: a seasonal delivery of viral science toys made by Vsauce! A portion of all proceeds goes to Alzheimer's research and our Inquisitive Fellowship, a program that gives money and resources directly to growing STEM channels here on YouTube! https://www.curiositybox.com
Q: "What's an anagram of Banach-Tarski?"
A: "Banach-Tarski Banach-Tarski."
twitter: https://www.twitter.com/tweetsauce
Instagram: http://www.instagram.com/electricpants
Kevin’s Field Day video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1zARMZ08ums
Field Day: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRPktNf5vnBR1J4e7t1RUVg
Deep dream animation by http://instagram.com/NaderMakki/
If you like it, you'll love this video also by Nader: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fJ9j_z2kXI0
Chocolate illusion: http://mathandmultimedia.com/2014/07/22/explanation-infinite-chocolate-bars/
Chocolate illusion video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dmBsPgPu0Wc
related Numberphile videos:
sizes of infinity (includes diagonal argument): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=elvOZm0d4H0
infinity paradoxes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDl7g_2x74Q
Vi Hart on types of infinity: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=23I5GS4JiDg
Countable & uncountable definitions:
http://mathinsight.org/definition/uncountable
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countable_set
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncountable_set
Banach-Tarski on wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%E2%80%93Tarski_paradox
Banach-Tarski proofs:
http://math.uchicago.edu/~may/REU2014/REUPapers/Robinson.pdf
https://www.math.hmc.edu/~su/papers.dir/banachtarski.pdf
http://people.math.umass.edu/~weston/oldpapers/banach.pdf
Banach-Tarski explinations online:
http://www.irregularwebcomic.net/2339.html
http://www.kuro5hin.org/comments/2003/5/23/134430/275?pid=5#10
http://skepticsplay.blogspot.co.uk/2010/05/doubling-sphere.html
http://austinrochford.com/posts/2014-05-14-banach-tarski-paradox.html
http://www.math.cornell.edu/~mec/Summer2009/Whieldon/Math_Explorers_Club%3A__Lesson_Links/Entries/2009/7/28_Lesson_6%3A__Whats_an_Anagram_of_Banach-Tarski.html
http://rachellevanger.com/index_files/BT%20Animated%20Presentation%20Web.pdf
http://quibb.blogspot.co.uk/2013_03_01_archive.html
http://blog.computationalcomplexity.org/2011/04/what-did-banachs-wife-think-of-banach.html
https://geopolicraticus.wordpress.com/tag/banach-tarski-paradox/
http://dgleahy.com/p47.html
https://www.math.hmc.edu/funfacts/ffiles/30001.1-3-8.shtml
Cayley graph animated gif: https://twitter.com/GIFsofWikipedia/status/624202342259240960
Hilbert’s hotel on wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%27s_paradox_of_the_Grand_Hotel
types of infinity: http://www.xamuel.com/levels-of-infinity/
set theory and quantum physics: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02213427#page-1
LHC gif: http://cms.web.cern.ch/news/lhc-data-be-made-public-open-access-initiative
Zermelo-Fraenkel axioms of mathematics: http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Zermelo-FraenkelAxioms.html
Is math invented or discovered?
http://phys.org/news/2013-09-mathematics-effective-world.html
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/is-the-universe-made-of-math-excerpt/
more deep dream images: https://www.reddit.com/r/deepdream/
BOOKS:
The Pea and the Sun: http://www.amazon.com/The-Pea-Sun-Mathematical-Paradox/dp/1568813279
The Outer Limits of Reason: http://www.amazon.com/Outer-Limits-Reason-Science-Mathematics/dp/0262019353
Why Beliefs Matter: http://www.amazon.com/Why-Beliefs-Matter-Reflections-Science/dp/0198704992
Things to Make and do in the Fourth Dimension: http://www.amazon.com/Things-Make-Fourth-Dimension-Mathematicians/dp/0374275653
Music by http://www.youtube.com/JakeChudnow and
http://www.audionetwork.com
,1,If you were driving at the speed of light and turned on your headlights, what would happen?
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/tweetsauce
Instagram: http://www.instagram.com/electricpants
Sources and extras below!!
Thanks to Jude for asking me this question on twitter! https://twitter.com/stefanikj5/status/550865272895447041
“The Life of the Cosmos” by Lee Smolin: http://www.amazon.co.uk/The-Life-Cosmos-Lee-Smolin/dp/0195126645
“In Search of the Multiverse” by John Gribbin: http://www.amazon.co.uk/In-Search-Multiverse-John-Gribbin/dp/0141036117
“The Pig That Wants to be Eaten: by Julian Baggini: http://www.amazon.co.uk/The-Pig-That-Wants-Eaten/dp/1847081282
Relevant MinutePhysics videos:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IM630Z8lho8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NnMIhxWRGNw
light slowing down in glass: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FAivtXJOsiI
a different perspective from Sixty Symbols about light slowing down: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiHN0ZWE5bk
Why is “c” the speed of light?
http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Relativity/SpeedOfLight/c.html
Car at light speed:
http://www.sydneyobservatory.com.au/2010/what-happens-when-a-car-travelling-near-the-speed-of-light-turns-on-its-headlights/
https://van.physics.illinois.edu/qa/listing.php?id=1355
http://www.scienceforums.net/topic/82191-i-am-driving-my-car-at-the-speed-of-light-and-i-turn-on-my-headlights-what-do-i-see/
http://www.desy.de/user/projects/Physics/Relativity/SpeedOfLight/headlights.html
Light speed is the same in all inertial frames of reference:
http://www.physlink.com/Education/AskExperts/ae558.cfm
https://van.physics.illinois.edu/qa/listing.php?id=2605
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/relativ/mmhist.html#c1
Relativistic addition of velocities:
http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/EinsteinsFormulaForAddingVelocities/
http://cnx.org/contents/e3a41220-af3f-40c6-b8ba-1a5d1bcbed92@6/Relativistic_Addition_of_Veloc
doppler shift:
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:XYCoordinates.gif#mediaviewer/File:Doppler-velocity89.jpg
Relativity:
http://www.refsmmat.com/jsphys/relativity/relativity.html
http://www.astro.virginia.edu/~jh8h/Foundations/quest7.html
Light speed and catching-up to light.
http://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/Goodies/Chasing_the_light/
http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Relativity/SpeedOfLight/speed_of_light.html
http://www.askamathematician.com/2010/11/q-what-would-you-experience-if-you-were-going-the-speed-of-light/
http://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.php?key=1571
https://van.physics.illinois.edu/qa/listing.php?id=1354
Other good relativity resources: http://newt.phys.unsw.edu.au/einsteinlight/
Light echo footage: http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic0617a/
“fine-tuned” universe:
http://io9.com/5989467/how-does-the-anthropic-principle-change-the-meaning-of-the-universe
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine-tuned_Universe
http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Anthropic_principle
Irrational numbers: http://mathworld.wolfram.com/IrrationalNumber.html
a million digits of pi: http://www.piday.org/million/
THERE'S MORE VSAUCE!!
Vsauce2: http://www.youtube.com/Vsauce2
Vsauce3: http://www.youtube.com/Vsauce3
animated drawings by Guy Larsen https://twitter.com/guylar
rocketship animation by Eric Langay https://twitter.com/ericlanglay
,1,SOURCES AND MORE INFO BELOW:
Jared Diamond's "The World Until Yesterday": http://www.amazon.co.uk/The-World-Until-Yesterday-Traditional/dp/0141024488/
music by: youtube.com/jakechudnow
Follow Michael Stevens: http://www.twitter.com/tweetsauce
more on WEIRD: http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2013/05/weird_psychology_social_science_researchers_rely_too_much_on_western_college.html
incorrect predictions: http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Incorrect_predictions
More famous INCORRECT predictions:
http://www.rense.com/general81/dw.htm
http://web.mit.edu/randy/www/words.html
history of miscegenation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miscegenation
debunked scientific beliefs: http://listverse.com/2009/01/19/10-debunked-scientific-beliefs-of-the-past/
Hollow Earth: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollow_Earth
Hollow Concave Earth: http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/koreshan-state-historic-site
Concave Earth spying attempt: http://bit.ly/1gnDwRE
Scathing reviews of masterpieces:
http://mentalfloss.com/article/30497/11-early-scathing-reviews-works-now-considered-masterpieces
http://flavorwire.com/335428/15-scathing-early-reviews-of-classic-novels/
Thomas Midgley, Jr.: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Midgley,_Jr.
QI clip about Midgley: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gZAnnvSOEmw
Inventors killed by own inventions (AllTime10s): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wu9KXQmL2d8
50 worst inventions: http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1991915_1991909_1991817,00.html
Nevin Lead and crime study: http://pic.plover.com/Nevin/Nevin2007.pdf